pengertian

MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN FLIGHT SAFETY

1.       Mengetahui lokasi dari EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT dan EMERGENCY EXITS di pesawat terbang.

2.       Bilamana EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT dan EXITS itu dipakai.

3.       Bagaimana cara pemakaiannya.

4.       Cara-cara keluarnya (EVACUATION) penumpang dan awak pesawat (crew) secepat mungkin dengan selamat.

Keempat faktor diatas perlu dan wajib dikuasai, karena pada saat pesawat dalam keadaan bahaya (EMERGENCY) dengan tidak membuang waktu awak pesawat dapat bertindak sendiri sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan.

Peraturan dan prosedure yang dibuat oleh ICAO ( International Civil Assosiation Organization) dan ditetapkan didalam anex2nya memberikan keseragaman dalam pengoperasian pada hampir semua jenis pesawat.(Bersifat internasonal).

Negara Indonesia dalam mengatur semua penerbangan sipil mengeluarkan CASR ( Civil Aviation Sipil Regulation ) yang disadur dari ICAO.

Sebuah perusahaan yang akan mendirikan perusahaan penerbangan berpatokan pada COM /BOM yang diadopsi dari CASR.

COM = Compani Operational Manual

BOM = Basic Operational Manual

Diantara peraturan yang tercantum BOM (Disadur dari CASR) adalah :

1.Setiap awak cabin diharuskan untuk memiliki pengetahuan dan kecakapan yang cukup mengenai  

 FLIGHT EMERGENCY PROCEDURE, yang mana mereka harus bisa melaksanakan tugas2nya apabila

 pesawatnya mengalami keadaan darurat, jg mereka harus mengetahui tempat dan cara

  mempergunakan alat2 perlengkapan darurat ( EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT )yang terdapat pada

     setiap pesawat dimana ia bertugas.

2. Apabila diketahui dan terbukti, bahwa salse-orang awak kabin tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang

    cukup mengenai apa yang tercantum pada no 1 diatas maka CAPTAIN pesawat bersangkutan

    DAPAT menolak untuk ikut sertanya didalam pesawat yang akan dipinpinnya.

3.Flifgt Safety dalam peraturannya menentukan bahwa pengungsian penumpang ( Evacuation  

 Procedure) dalam keadaan darurat tidak boleh lebih dari 90 detik.

4..One Minute Silent Review

    Untuk menjaga kesiapsiagaan bila terjadi emergency, maka awak kabin dimanapun ia duduk

didalam pesawat diharuskan pada setiap kali T/O dan LDG untuk melakukan ‘ one minute silent

review’, yaitu bertanya pada diri sendiri apa yang harus dilakukan apabila pesawatnya dalam

keadaan bahaya, seperti :

-          Bagaimana caranya membuka exit?

-          Bagaimana cara mengembungkan slide?

-          Bagaimana meng-ungsikan penumpang?

-          Emergency Equipment apa yang harus dibawa?

-          Aba-aba yang harus disampaikan kepada penumpang pada waktu evacuasi.?

5.       PIC (Pilot In Command) adalah seorang captain yang merupakan pemimpin penerbangan

Tugasnya mengontrol jalannya sebuah penerbangan meliputi keselamatan ( SAFETY ) passenger, crew member, cargo dll

Aircrew is a person who is designed duties on an aircraft during a flight.

Flifgt Attendant is an aircew whose duties are within the cabin of aircraft during a flight and

                                 is responsible for cabin safety

6.       Sterile Cockpit

Kita tidak boleh mengganggu cockpit saat pesawat push back sampai tanda fasten seat belt off ( saat climb)dan dari tanda fasten seat belt on saat pesawat menurunkan ketinggian          ( descent) untuk landing sampai pesawat parkir di gate.

7.       Flight Attendant Surface Movement Requirement

During aircraft surface movement, flight attendant must be seated with seat belt and shoulder harness fastened exept when performing SAFETY RELATED DUTIES, witch include:

-          Demo Safety

-          Carring for passenger in distress

-          Attendant to an emergency situation.

8.       The aircraft may not  be moved on the surface, take off or landing except any food,beverage or tableware has been clear of, seat back,tray table, serving cart and movie csreen secure in stowed position.

9.       Closing and Locking Cockpit Door

All External door were closed pintu cockpit harus dalam keadaan tertutup after embarcation.

10.   Serving The Flight Crew

-          Cockpit check every 30 minutes

-          They should be served different entrees (bergantian)

-          Diberikan dengan serving tray

-          Makanan harus berbeda antara Captain dan Copilot

11.   In Flight

FA must continue to monitor cabin safety throught the flight by performing :

-          Cockpit check every 30 minutes

-          Cabin check every 15 minutes (day) , 20 minutes ( night )

-          Lavatory check every 15-20 minutes

12.   Required Duty Item

1.       ID CARD & KTP      

2.       Pasport                                                 =    sebaikknya di copy tuk back up

3.       License                    

4.       DG Sertificate

5.       CRM certificate

6.       Avsec Sertificate

7.       Pen light + spare batteries / senter kecil

8.       Wrist watch / jam tangan

9.       Annoucement book

10.   Personal first aid

13.   Emergency Crew Breifing / wajib berisi :

-          Safety and Emergency

-          Serving Standart

-          Operation Aspect and security

14.   Safety Belt

All passenger shall have their seat belt fastened during taxi, take off and landing, and when moderate or severe turbulance for safety anticipated

15.   Passengers Breifing

-          Safety Announcement : Every before each take off every flight

-          Individual Breifing diberikan jika ......UM

                                                                  LIMITED VIEW

                                                                  DISABLE PASSENGER ( Visually impaired)

16.   Baggage Stowage :

-          Under passenger seat / luggage bar

-          Over head bin / luggage bin with can be latch

-          In the closet with can be latch

17.   Portable Device

-          Cellurar telephone

-          Transmiter

-          Perpheral printer

-          Television                                              =    May not be operated at any  time

-          AM/FM radios

-          Remote conrol toys

-          Wirelles microphone

-          Personal Computer

Digital /cassete tape

Video recorder                           = May not be operated when seat belt sign is on              

Calculator

IPOD

Lap top

18.   Exit Seating Regulation

Definisi : Each seat from which a passenger can proceed directly to the exit without entering

                 an aisle, paasing arround an obctruction,

                 Each in a row of seat throught which passenger wouid have to pass to again acces

                 to ban exit from the first seat in board of the exit.

                 ( Tanpa menyebrang, tanpa memutar, tanpa halangan )

Exit seating berhubungan dengan Un- prepared Emergency

Syarat passenger yang boleh duduk di exit seat :

-          Tidak hamil,tidak obesitas,diatas 15 thn /dewasa ,tidak tua,sehat

               FA Duties Regarding Exit Seating

                              Briefing poins for exit seating passenger :

-          How to open the exit

-          How to restrain passenger until the exit is ready

-          What to do after exit is opened

19.   ABP / Able Bodied Passenger (  exit seating berhubungan dengan prepared emergency)

Yang boleh duduk syaratnya :

-          Profesi sebagai crew

-          Bekerja dibidang kesehatan

-          Dari kepolisian, pemadam kebakaran

-          Orang yang tidak pergi dengan keluarga

20.   Procedure Entering cockpit

    Do 3C........- Clear area,Closed certain

 - Call captain ......with proper identification : - Name........Diana

                                                                               Fuction......FA-1

                                                                               Pupose......Meal Serving

-Code

21.   FA on board keberadaanya berdasarkan standart Seating Capacity

More than 9 but less 51........... 1 FA

More than 51 but less 101....... 2 FA

Ect

22.   Crew Seat / jumpt seat

A jump seat will be considered in- operative if :

-          Not proprelly secure to the floor bulkhead fitting

-          Does not retract automatically

-          The sat belt / shoulder harness is frayed, missing or can’t be fitted to size

23.   dll

DEPARTURE AND ARRAIVAL PROCEDURE NORMAL

Pre- Flight

-          Stowing and securing personal luggage

-          Emergency equipment check and security check....

        Assigned exit (door or window) and evacuation equipment

        Jump seat check

        Portable emergency equipment check

        PAS check

-          Cabin check

-          Lavatory check

-          Galley check

-          Boarding.........exit row seating & exit row briefing

  After completed flight document FA 1 closed the last door and repot to

cockpit immideatelly

  Command from cockpit when the aircraft stat movement /push back

  “Flight Attendant Armed Slide Bar and Cross check “

-          Pax briefing demo

After completting the demo,FA will make a final cabin secured check for take off. The cabin secure check will include :

               All passenger have their seat belt fastened

               Seat back upright and armrest down

               Luggage secure in approved stowage areas

               All tray tables are stowed

               Exit and aisle clear

               Infant life vest is in seat pocket

               Window shade are open

               Over head bin closed and secured

Coats closet secured and curtain closed

               Pilow and blanket secured

Cabin and galley curtain secure opened

               Galey and sercice euipment secured

               Lavatory un-occupied and lock

                                       After Final secure for take off FA 1 report to cockpit “ CABIN READY “ by

Interphone

-          After all doors Armed and cross check FA must report to cockpit by interphone

-          Take off imminent.....The captain will warm that take off imminent

By PA “ CABIN CREW TAKE OFF POSSITION “...FA must take their jump seat with seat belt and shoulder harness , FA do ONE MINUTES SILENT REVIEW

Until the fasten seat belt sign has been switch off.....

Start serving

IN-FLIGHT

-          FA must continue to monitor cabin safety

-          Aticipated turbulance weather

Turbulance:

A.      Light Turbulance :FA procedure – FA 1 will make turbulance

annonucement

                                                             FA walk arroud to visually check that pax

                                                             are seated with seatbelt fastened and

                                                             hand luggage stowed

warning some one inside lavatory

                                                             cart anf galley equipment not in use are

                                                             properly secured

                                                             continue serving

B.      Moderate Turbulance – Cockpit will make turbulance

                                            Announcement

                                            Stop serving immediatelly ,trolly stowed quikly

                                            Check that pax are seated with seatbelt

                                            All FA go to their jumpt seat fastened seatbelt and

                                            harness

C.      Severe Turbulance – Cockpit will make turbulance  announcement

                                     FA not attempt to ensure pax compaint, it is

                                     imperactive that FA sit down immediately or take the

                                     nearest available seat and fastened seatbelt/harness

BEFORE LAND

-          COCKPIT / PIC will give command “ FA Prepare for Landing “

-          Pax Breifing

-          Cabin secure  check for landing ( cabin light must be fully bright )

-          Final cabin secure .....cabin light set to DIM

-          Report cabin ready

-          Landing imminent.......The captain will warm that landing imminent

By PA “ CABIN CREW LANDING POSSITION “....FA must take their jump seat to do “ONE MINUTES SILENT REVIEW “.....remaind seated until the fasten seatbeltl sign has been switch off and the air craft completted stop

LANDING

-          Pax Briefing

-          Command from the cockpit “ Flight Attendant Disarmed Slide And Cross Check

-          FA report to cockpit after all doors DISARMED

-          Command from the cockpit “ CABIN CREW DOOR MAYBE OPEN “

-          Before opening the door FA must wait sign from the ground staff

( 3 TIMES KNOCK AND THUMB UP )

-          Security check after passenger disembarking

ABNORMAL SITUATION – Decompression

Cabin Pressurization

                                        Cabin pressurization is maintained at an altitude of 5000 – 7000 feet for the

                                        confort and dafety passenger and crew member

Decompression occors when cabin pressurization is loast, either slowly or rapidly.

TUC ( TIME USEFULL CONSCINOUSNES )

Adalah dimana makluk hidup dapat bertahan hidup pada ketimggian dan batas waktu teretentu

                             karena berkurangnya oksigen

                                            TIME OF USEFUL CONSCINOUSNESS CHART /TUS

WITHOUT SUPLEMENTAL OXYGENT, TIME USEFUL CONSCINOUSNESS DURING DECOMPRESSION IS

40.000 FEET ...............................................................................................................15 SECONDS 35.000 FEET ...............................................................................................................30 SECONDS 30.000 FEET................................................................................................................45 SECONDS 28.000 FEET.................................................................................................................1 MINUTES 25.000 FEET.................................................................................................................2 MINUTES 22.000 FEET.................................................................................................................5 MINUTES

If decompression when the flight crew failed to control situation & cabin altitude in creease up to  14,000 feet .......passenger oxygen mask dropped

Action FA when decompression :

  GRAPS THE NEARES MASK....SECURE YOUR SELFT ( SEAT DAOWN & FASTENED SEAT BELT IF ANY )

when the aircraft has been in the save level (10.000 feet ) by PAS the cockpit will give command

‘’ flight attendant & passenger MASK OFF “

Action FA               -     Don POB, check fellow flight attendant

-          Check pax ( reseat pax away from danger area)               = walk around aft                                                                                                 

-          Check lavatory ( because no mask in side )                           decompression

Efect of Decompression :

Hipoxia....kekurangan oxygen

EMERGENCGY EQUIPMENT

A.      FIX EUIPMENT

1.       DOOR

Boeing 737 door

bagian-bagiannya :

-          EXIT sign......

-          SLIDE Armed indicator.....warning to ground staff

-          Arrow Direction sticker... how to routate handle to open

-          Viewing window..............clear & clean....to see out side condition

-          Door handle

-          Slide container.....(escape slide)..

-          slide pressure gauge.......must be in green band

-          Girt bar...........................ujung dr slide

-          Floor breaket..................sangkutan girt bar jika dikaitkan di lantai

-          Assist handle...................alat bantu pegangan saat membuka dan menutup

-          Door barrier strap...........tali yang harus dipasang melintang pintu jika pintu

                                             terbuka tanpa tangga atau garbarata

G

2.       OVERWING EXIT WINDOW

Breifing Overwing Exit

Good morning ladies and gentlement,welcome aboard.

My name is......I’m going to give you a brief explanation concerning the overwing window exit that located nearyour seat.

If you hear the command “ EVACUATE-EVACUATE “ from the cockpit , please proceed to open this window.

Before opening make sure the out side condition is safe, there’s no fire no obstruction

To open this window : Pull the red handle inward, lift up the window and throw out it diagonally out side.

Proceed to an exit....ONE LEG FIRST THAN YOUR HEAD, then help the other passenger evacuation from outside.

For further information you may read the safety instruction card is located in the seat pocket in fron of you.

Thank you for kind attention and corporation...have a nice flight

Selamat pagi Bapak/ibu yang terhormat, perkenalkan nama saya........,selamat datang di pesawat.B737.

Saya akan menjelaskan tentang jendela darurat yang berada didekat Bapak/ibu sekalian.

Apabila Bapak/ibu mendengar aba-aba “EVACUATE-EVACUATE “ dari cockpit, segeralah membuka jenjela darurat ini.

Sebelum membuka jendela pastikan keadaan diluar aman, tidak ada api atau hambatan lainnya.

Segera keluar dari pesawat satu kaki dahulu baru kepala lalu bantu proses evakuasi penumpang lain dari luar.

Untuk keterangan lebih jelas ,bapak/ibu silahkan membaca kartu petunjuk keselamatan penerbangan yang berada di kantong kursi di depan anda.

Terimakasi dan selamat menikmati penerbangan ini

3.       Crew seat / jumpt seat     

 Jump seat crew dikatakan layak pakai bila :

-          Meleket kuat di body pesawat

-          Folding seat dapat melipat /menutup otomatis jika tidak digunakan

-          Dilengkapi dengan seatbelt dan shoulder harness yang seuai body ( tidak longgar )

Setiap jumpt seat dilengkapi dengan

-          Emergency Equipment list....:

-          Life vest crew

-          Flash light

-          PAS